Understanding Isotopes, a Key to Uncovering Unknown Remains

In a fascinating discussion on The Patient Experience Blueprint podcast, Dr. Kirsten Verostick, known as Dr. V, sheds light on an innovative approach to identifying unknown remains of American service members through the use of isotope analysis. This method forms a cornerstone of Project FIND-EM, a mission partnered with the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) to bring closure to families of service members who went missing during conflicts.

What the science is

Isotopes are versions of elements that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Dr. V explains that for Project FIND-EM, the focus is on stable isotopes, particularly oxygen isotopes. While the most common form of oxygen, oxygen-16, has eight protons and eight neutrons, the isotope they focus on is oxygen-18, which has ten neutrons. This makes it a rarer form of oxygen, providing a unique chemical “fingerprint” that can be used for geolocation.

Oxygen isotopes provide a glimpse into the water one consumes throughout life. And since water composition can differ significantly depending on regional environmental factors like latitude, altitude, and proximity to large bodies of water, it serves as a geographic marker. When we consume water and food, these oxygen isotopes become part of our body’s chemical makeup. More interestingly, while our teeth are forming, these isotopic signatures are locked into our dental enamel, creating a lifelong record of the place where we grew up.

What the project can do for American families — and more

Dr. V and her team are harnessing this scientific insight to create a refined isotopic map of the United States. By collecting and analyzing third molars from individuals across various geographic regions, they aim to develop an accurate map linking specific isotopic data to distinct parts of the country. Such a map would facilitate the identification of unknown remains by indicating regions where unidentified service members might have originated.

By analyzing the teeth, Dr. V’s team can link isotopic data to geographic locations. The more samples they gather, the more precise this isotopic mapping will become, ultimately creating a powerful tool for identification. Additionally, carbon analysis from the same samples can reveal dietary habits, offering yet another layer of insight. 

The vision for Project FIND-EM is to transform how unknown American service members are identified, providing critical closure to their families. With over 81,000 unidentified service members from past conflicts, the potential impact of the project is enormous.

Curious about other topics in the dental industry? In addition to our podcast, check out Intiveo’s resources — or receive insights directly to your inbox by subscribing!